I got the main pointers from this SO question, this blog post, and the official Mocha documentation (which however does not deal explicitly with Babel and ECMAScript2016). This post was also marginally useful.
Main points:
-g
option) with:
npm --D mocha
import 'babel-polyfill';
scripts
tag in your package.json
file:
"test": "mocha --compilers js:babel-core/register"
Refer to my obj-properties module code for a working testing setup.